Concentration ( Molarity, Normality, Molality )
Concentration and Its Types Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution. It is an important parameter in chemistry and is commonly expressed in different units such as Molarity (M), Normality (N), and Molality (m) . 1. Molarity (M) Definition: Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution . M = Moles of solute Volume of solution in liters M = \frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in liters}} Units: Molarity is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L or M) . Example: If 5 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 2 liters of water, the molarity of the solution is: M = 5 moles 2 liters = 2.5 M M = \frac{5 \text{ moles}}{2 \text{ liters}} = 2.5 M Key Points: Molarity depends on the volume of the solution. Changes with temperature because volume expands or contracts. Commonly used in titrations and reactions in aqueous solutions . 2. Normality (N) Definition: Normality...
